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Boxing for kids: positive and negative effects of trained fighting
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The fear of brain damage and other potential injuries in boxing only heightens when considering young people, not just adults, involved in the sport. Is boxing a positive outlet for kids, or too much of a risk? - photo by Mandy Morgan
In light of the Floyd Mayweather vs. Manny Pacquiao match last weekend, questions about the relevance of boxing have resurfaced.

"(T)he sport's fundamental problem: It is too brutal for all but a few," Bob Arum, Pacquiao's boxing promoter, told The New York Times.

"We cant get white middle-class kids into boxing. Lets be honest: No parent in their right mind is going to let them come to a gym. I wouldnt let my kid go into boxing," Arum said in the Times article.

The demographic of those involved in boxing, and the aggressive nature of the sport are two major factors in the ongoing argument of whether children should be encouraged, or even allowed, to participate.

According to an article published by health.com, there are legitimate arguments for both sides, including the one made by trainers in boxing gyms that many kids in urban areas start boxing to learn how to defend themselves, and end up getting in fewer fights at school and on the street.

Though the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended doctors oppose youth boxing because of head injury risks, those in the boxing community say "it teaches young people discipline and work ethic better than any other sport," according to health.com.

On the other side are numerous studies on the long-term damage suggesting kids stay away from the sport.

The American Academy of Neurology released a medical paper in 2013 on the long-term structural and functional brain changes in boxers and mixed martial arts fighters.

Results of the study show that frequent fighting, "especially when starting your career at age 15" can be "associated with volume reduction in certain areas of the brain and reduced connectivity between the basal ganglia and other regions of the brain," says a Sports Blog Nation article.

Starting young and boxing for an extended period of time is often the reason that many physical effects are long-term, and especially dangerous for boxers.

Time reported in 2011 that an estimated 18,000 children and teens are involved in amateur boxing, and that among those amateur boxers around 6.5 percent to 51.6 percent of injuries are concussions.

"Concussions are particularly concerning in children and adolescents, because there is evidence that a child's brain is more vulnerable to injury and that recovery from concussion is prolonged when compared with adults," said the authors of a statement made by the American Academy of Pediatrics, according to Time.

Suggestions made by the AAP and Canadian Pediatric Society, as reported in the Time article, include:

  • Parents, educators and coaches knowing about the risks and hazards of boxing.
  • Adults should encourage teen athletes to pursue other sports with less physical impact.
  • Boxing associations should provide dedicated medical personnel who can consult with teens before, during and after a match. Teen boxers also receive regular screening for neurocognitive deficits.
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.