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Fighting bad habits with warning labels wont work. Heres why
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Obesity is a large problem in the U.S., but some think a small warning label could fight it. - photo by Shelby Slade
Obesity is a large problem in the U.S., but some think a small warning label could fight it.

San Francisco is trying to curb obesity by requiring all public soda advertisements on buses and billboards to have warnings about the harmful health effects of drinking soda.

This is the second time California has attempted to put warning labels on soda. The first attempt failed to pass from a state senate committee in 2014.

Yet, studies show that these typical warning labels arent working.

Warnings appear on everything from video games to alcohol and cigarette labels, but do they actually change behaviors? Martina Cartwright reported for Psychology Today. Historically, warning labels on controlled substances like alcohol and tobacco increase consumer awareness but studies are mixed as to their impact on behaviors.

An Australian study shows that warning labels on alcohol dont keep adolescents from drinking, Cartwright reported.

This same trend applies to warning labels on sodas, especially warning labels on advertisements, Tom Jacobs reported for Pacific Standard.

The warning labels effectively set up a battle between words and images, Jacobs wrote. And in this study, at least, images were powerful enough to counterbalance the effect of the warnings.

The U.S. has required warning labels, small boxes with text only, to be printed on cigarette packaging since 1965. However, the minimal labels are shown to be less effective at informing smokers of the health effects and deterring smoking than other countries more graphic-oriented labels, the Harvard School of Public Health reported.

The Food and Drug Administration proposed a series of new warning labels, which were more graphic and intense. However, they were shut down by an appeals court in 2013 because the large labels infringed upon cigarette companies first amendment rights, CBS reported.

One possible reason warning labels are failing stems from advertising. Telling consumers that smoking or drinking can cause health problems is hard to reconcile with advertisements that make these behaviors seem fun and appealing.

Countless studies have shown the inextricable link that exists between alcohol advertising and underage drinking. A 2013 study linked increased alcohol advertising exposure to underage drinking, missing school and getting in fights, Perri Klass reported for The New York Times.

In addition to typical forms of advertising, Klass warns of social media marketing, which encourages potential customers to like or follow brands, and suggests parents talk to their children about the dangers of advertising and other negative media messsaging.

Know what your children are watching, Klass wrote. Watch with them. Talk about what you see the images on billboards or on touchscreens, the Super Bowl commercials, the Web sites they visit.
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.