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How libraries are staying relevant in a digital age many thought would destroy them
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Not so long ago it was predicted that access to the internet and the popularity of e-books would shutter most public libraries. But these public institutions are showing remarkable staying power. - photo by Chandra Johnson
Amid ongoing public funding cuts across the U.S. in the last decade and more Americans relying on home internet service for information, America's libraries have struggled to survive.

According to the American Library Association, more than 20 states cut their library funding significantly for three consecutive years (2010-2012). Some states don't even offer public funding to support community libraries.

Library use has also dipped. A Pew Research Center study released earlier this year found that less than half of Americans reported having been to a library in the past year.

Yet as the internet becomes a necessity in more aspects of every day life (from job hunting to paying bills) and with rates of internet access highly variable across American households, many libraries are enjoying a renaissance, according to the New York Times, especially in the New York City area.

By adding classes that include computer coding, meditation, job counseling and knitting groups to its roster of services, libraries are making themselves viable beyond places to get free internet access and a book or two.

"No longer just repositories for books, public libraries have reinvented themselves as one-stop community centers that aim to offer something for everyone," The Times reported. "In so doing, they are reaffirming their role as an essential part of civic life in America by making themselves indispensable to new generations of patrons."

The reason for this success, the Times reports? Fierce public support, showing that libraries are not only still wanted, but needed centers of community service.

Its showing that libraries are the fabric of society, Christian Zabriskie, executive director of the library advocacy group Urban Librarians Unite, told the Times.
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.