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Millennials are driving less, and here's why
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Teens are not driving as much as their parents, and they're not lining up to get their licenses, either. But whether it marks a new trend that will endure or not is unknown. And the theories range from recession to generational preference. - photo by Lois M. Collins
Teenagers are less likely to rush to get a driver license than their parents did when they were young. And teens and young adults are logging fewer miles once they do as well, sparking debate about whether there's been a major detour in how Americans will travel in the future.

Folks discussing the trend have theories about what's driving it that range from the high cost during the recession, particularly since young people had a hard time finding jobs, to better public transportation availability.

"For most of modern U.S. history, Americans steadily drove more and more miles every year, particularly as suburbs expanded. But then, around 2007, driving went into decline, with young people driving significantly less, according to Vox's Joseph Stromberg.

He said one of the challenges to figuring it out is that the best data comes from the National Travel Household Survey. "The last one was in 2009, before gas prices plummeted and before the recession began to subside, so new data collected this year might look way different."

The last version of the survey showed that from 1983 to the survey's release in 2010, the number of 19-year-olds with a driver license fell from 87 percent to 70 percent. And young drivers were more apt to walk, bike or take public transportation.

Nearly everybody was driving less for a while, before a slight uptick in 2014. But according to The Washington Post, the drop was largest among young Americans. As early as 2013, Brad Plumer wrote that from 2001 to 2009, drivers under 34 were driving a "staggering 23 percent" less per year, on average.

"The Frontier Group has the most comprehensive look yet of why younger Americans are opting out of driving. Public transportation use is up 40 percent per capita in this age group since 2001. Bicycling is up 24 percent overall in that time period. And this is true even for young Americans who are financially well off," he wrote.

The discussion has been raging for some time. As Marianne Lavelle wrote for National Geographic just over a year ago: "Growth in 'vehicle-miles traveled' (VMT) that key gauge of America's love affair with the automobile that once reliably ratcheted up year after year will slow dramatically," the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) says in its new Annual Energy Outlook. The EIA slashed its projected annual VMT growth rate to 0.9 percent, a drop of 25 percent compared to its forecast only a year ago.

It's more than an academic question, Lavelle noted. Autos are a key part of America's economic landscape, impacting not just those who sell and service them, but those who rely on the people who drive them to buy services and products.

The Miami Herald said a study by the University of Michigans Transportation Research Institute showed the number of American teens getting their license "is dropping more and more each year. Between 1983 and 2010, the number of 17-year-olds who got a drivers license plummeted from 69 percent to 46 percent."

"The change is partly due to slower population growth, but also because of a generational shift confirmed by at least four studies in the past year. In the United States, young people are not only driving less than teens did a generation ago, they aren't even getting licenses," Lavelle said.

The Deseret News earlier noted a report showing generational differences in who uses public transportation and who would rather hop in the car and drive. According to TransitCenter's Whos on Board 2014, the article said, "Millennials love transit; baby boomers shun it."
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.