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Understanding the past, present and future of the Internet
Internet
Herb Scribner
Deseret News National
Updated: Jun 28, 2014, 10:00 PM
Published: Jun 26, 2014, 7:44 PM

Ah, the Internet. A vast and wide-open area that many liken to the Wild West.
How do we even begin to understand such a thing?

Well, Vox is there to help you out. In an article published this week, Vox offered a list of maps that aimed to explain the history of the Internet, starting from its origins in the West to its expansion eastward.

Even before the Internet was a thing, the ARPANET — Advanced Research Projects Agency — was an Internet-like network started at the University of Utah and had connections to California, Vox reported.

“It also had a more practical goal: allowing more efficient use of expensive computing resources,” wrote Timothy B. Lee for Vox. “Computer scientists sometimes used ARPA money to buy computers, and the agency hoped that ARPANET would allow universities to share these expensive resources more efficiently.”

Lee then takes readers through the history of the Internet’s growth, showing how the World Wide Web expanded heavily throughout the United States and reached far corners and spots around the globe.  And many of the maps from Vox show the common state of the Internet, including where people wake up based on Twitter, the languages of the world and how many people are talking about different topics.

People are logging on to the Internet through a variety of sources — so much so that teens recently reacted in a number of ways to the Internet from the 1990s.

To help people understand today’s Internet and media landscape, The Atlantic published a set of maps and informationthat shows where in the world people are using tablets, smartphones, desktops and TV to get access to information.
“What do the maps tell us? A super-oversimplified observation is that the U.S. and Western Europe watch a lot of TV, while Asia and other developing economies are disproportionately heavy in mobile and tablet use,” wrote Derek Thompson for The Atlantic.
But this may be because of old habits, Thompson explained. “[R]ich, old capitalist democracies still watch a lot of TV, because it's what they're used to,” Thompson wrote.

As for the future, the Internet has already begun seeping into American homes, according to The New York Times. But where’s it off to next? Space.

Google, a search engine company that has in recent years expanded to email, social networking and smartphones, is investing in satellites that can spread the Internet across the world, The Wall Street Journal reported. This is very similar to what Facebook is looking to do with drones, wrote Alistair Barr and Andy Pasztor of the Wall Street Journal.

"Google and Facebook are trying to figure out ways of reaching populations that thus far have been unreachable," Susan Irwin, president of Irwin Communications, a satellite-communications research firm, told the Wall Street Journal. "Wired connectivity only goes so far and wireless cellular networks reach small areas. Satellites can gain much broader access."

Email: hscribner@deseretdigital.com
Twitter: @herbscribner
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
Herb Scribner
Deseret News
Published: Aug 13, 2018, 1:39 PM
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.