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Should women ever run alone?
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Two young women have been murdered while out running in recent weeks. The Road Runners Club of America offers safety tips for runners, but others question whether women should run alone. - photo by Jennifer Graham
Within hours of setting out for a run, two young women were murdered in recent weeks. Their deaths remind runners that, regardless of how fit they are, they are vulnerable to attack while exercising in public. They also raise the question of whether women should ever run alone.

Karina Vetrano, 30, ran 3 to 5 miles a day in Spring Creek Park in New York City. Her body was found by her father a few hours after she was reported missing.

Vanessa Marcotte, too, was a regular runner who competed in road races, sometimes raising money for charity. Like Vetrano, she lived in New York, where she worked for Google. The 27-year-old was visiting her mother in Princeton, Massachusetts, when she left for the run from which she never returned.

Police say they have no reason to think the murders were connected, and no arrests have been made.

According to The New York Post, the deaths have caused a surge in sales of a sports bra called the "booby trap," which has an inner pocket where women can conceal a small knife or can of Mace.

The developer, Texas resident Jennifer Cutrona, said she created the bra after a man attempted to pull her off a trail while she was running. Sales spiked soon after Vetrano's body was found, she said.

I keep getting orders from New Yorkers, pinging my phone. At first I was thinking, Whats going on? Then I read the story about her. And I got sick to my stomach, she told Natalie O'Neill of The Post.

Safety advice for runners abounds. Both men and women should tell someone when they're leaving, where they're planning to run, and when they expect to return, Runner's World magazine says.

In Boston, 60 miles from where Marcotte was killed, TV station WCVB suggested apps like Glympse and RunSafe that notify selected people of your location and sound an alarm if you don't return when scheduled.

The Road Runners Club of America says to shun headphones, which are distracting, and to carry a cellphone and a noisemaker of some kind, such as whistle. Run with a dog if you can and "use discretion in acknowledging strangers."

And vary your running route; don't run the same roads or parks every day. "If you run the same streets, the same time of day, someone will notice," wrote running blogger Elizabeth Kalifeh after she was attacked in Mobile, Alabama.

Regardless of safety precautions, there are some women who believe that running alone isn't worth the risk. Among them is Sheri Ball-Garcia, whose story was told in a 2013 article in Women's Running titled "I Will Never Run Alone Again: A Survivor's Story."

Ball-Garcia, a mother of two, was running at 5:30 in the morning, which is supposed to be one of the safest times of day. (Crime generally dips between 3 a.m. and 7 a.m.) Still, she was brutally assaulted and suffered 20 fractures and lost her two front teeth before she managed to escape, according to writer Lindsey Emery, who shared Ball-Garcia's story.

After her recovery, Ball-Garcia started running again on a treadmill and later became a crusader against violent crime. She advises women to join a running club or run with friends. "Try to involve your kids and your spouse in your training, too," she told Emery.

"Runners often tell me that they have to train super early, in the dark by themselves, that there is no other time. But the reality is that if you do that, there may be no (more) time, period," she said.
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.