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What's the secret to a happy marriage? It's up for debate
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Recent research suggests that Republicans are more happily married than Democrats. But other experts say the secret of wedded bliss lies in economics or education. - photo by Lois M. Collins
A "liberal-conservative divide" exists when it comes to whether people are happily married, according to a research brief just released by the Institute for Family Studies.

"It suggests partisanship is one cultural factor linked to the prevalence, quality and stability of family life in America," wrote W. Bradford Wilcox and Nicholas H. Wolfinger. Wilcox directs the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia and is a senior fellow at the institute, among other titles. He has also done consulting work for the Deseret News. Wolfinger is a professor of family and consumer studies and adjunct professor of sociology at the University of Utah.

The duo analyzed the General Social Survey, ranking ideology on a scale that placed extremely liberal at the low end and extremely conservative at the high end of a seven-point scale. Moderates were at 4.

They conclude conservatives are much more likely to be married than either moderates or liberals, a relationship they say remains after they controlled for such demographics as race, age, sex, income and education.

They did not find a connection between ideology and the quality of a person's marriage when they looked only at married folks. "Although conservatives are more likely to be married than liberals, their marriages tend to be of equal quality," they wrote.

That changed when they looked at the "effects of political ideology on the chances of being in a very happy marriage among all Americans, not just those who are currently married." Then conservatives have a 12 point greater likelihood, which is somewhat diminished when controlling for race, age, sex, income and education. They concluded that it holds true that conservatives are more apt to be happily married because they're more apt to be married.

Others disagree about factors that lead to formation of happy marriages. A recent article in Time by Naomi Cahn and June Carbone, who co-wrote "Red Families v. Blue Families: Legal Polarization and the Creation of Culture," maintains the real issue impacting marriage including whether it happens at all is the economy.

In their book, they noted that despite complexities in what's going on with families, "the conclusion is short and simple: It's the economy, stupid."

They write for the Time piece that "economic status is more important than political affiliation in shaping family structure and choices. All Americans except women in the top 10 percent of earners have seen their marriage rates decrease over the past 40 years. Moreover, the people most likely to report happy marriages have more education than anyone else, and the children of high income parents are more likely to attend and complete college. People with more education are also less likely to get divorced."

Education impacts whether couples marry at all and whether they become parents. A 2013 Pew Research Center study found "marriage has been on the decline for decades, particularly for those with less education. At the same time, the share of nonmarital births for the less educated has risen dramatically, and the likelihood of divorce remains significantly higher among those lacking a college degree than among those who have one."

Just in time for Valentine's Day last year, The Atlantic published an article with the headline "Marriage Stages a Comeback (but Mostly Just for College Grads).

New York Magazine says a brain imaging study published recently in Human Brain Mapping found relationship quality for older, long-married women "is particularly related to the neural activity they show in response to their husbands displays of positive emotion, rather than negative emotion."

Much of the advice on happy marriages has nothing to do with political persuasion, economics or education. The Internet also abounds with suggestions for maintaining marital bliss. Kindness, consideration, good grooming, intimacy and tolerance make the list in a 2014 Huffington Post advice piece.
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.