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A quick guide on the controversy surrounding Catalonia's bid for independence
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Catalonia, a country with its own distinct language and culture, voted on Sunday for an independence referendum. Spain has protested the move, which has ignited tension. - photo by Herb Scribner
Rising tensions between the regional government of Catalonia and Spain boiled over this weekend and into the week.

Voters in Catalonia, a region with its own distinct language and culture, approved an independence referendum on Sunday. Spain has protested the movie, which has ignited tension.

Heres a quick breakdown of what you should know.

The vote: About 42 percent voted in favor of the move, according to BBC News.

Ninety percent of the 2.3 million voters approved the move, according to The New York Times

Spains reaction: The Spanish government did not recognize the move, calling it illegal, according to The Telegraph.

Even before the voting took place, the Spanish police blocked off voting stations and engaged in physical violence with protesters to ward off the move. More than 900 people were injured by police, the BBC reported.

Catalonias declaration: On Sunday, Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont said voters backed the decision and would move for independence, according to BBC.

"With this day of hope and suffering, the citizens of Catalonia have won the right to an independent state in the form of a republic," Puigdemont said on Sunday.

Puigdemont has yet to declare full independence from Spain.

Protests: Barcelona's streets were filled with protesters on Tuesday, as Catalans expressed anger of Spains violent crackdown on voting, according to CNN. The city closed down shops, schools stopped classes, and public transportation cut back schedules all for the sake of protesting.

"The streets will always be ours," protesters chanted.

Call for help: Catalonia called for the European Union to help it gain independence, Quartz reported.

There is no button to push for independence, it does not exist, Puigdemont said, according to The Guardian. It is not a domestic matter. Its obvious that we need mediation. We dont want a traumatic break. We want a new understanding with the Spanish state.

European Union: According to The Washington Post, the European Union saw the independence referendum as a violation of Spanish law, and worried about how the move would affect relations between Spain and Catalonia.

Next moves: Protesters will continue to march against the Spanish government, according to The New York Times.

Spain may take measures into its own hands now, The Washington Post reported. Spanish Justice Minister Rafael Catal said that the constitution of Spain gives the country the right to intervene and run a region, like Catalonia, if they declare independence.

If somebody tries to declare the independence of part of the territory something that cannot be done we will have to do everything possible to apply the law, Catal said.
Its toxic: New study says blue light from tech devices can speed up blindness
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A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers. - photo by Herb Scribner
It turns out checking Twitter or Facebook before bed is bad for your health.

A new study from the University of Toledo found that blue light from digital devices can transform molecules in your eyes retina into cell killers.

That process can lead to age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, according to the researchs extract.

Blue light is a common issue for many modern Americans. Blue light is emitted from screens, most notably at night, causing sleep loss, eye strain and a number of other issues.

Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said our constant exposure to blue light cant be blocked by the lens or cornea.

"It's no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye's retina. Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration, such as a new kind of eye drop, he said.

Macular degeneration is an incurable eye disease that often affects those in their 50s or 60s. It occurs after the death of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Those cells need retinal to sense light and help signal the brain.

The research team found blue light exposure created poisonous chemical molecules that killed photoreceptor cells

"It's toxic. If you shine blue light on retinal, the retinal kills photoreceptor cells as the signaling molecule on the membrane dissolves," said Kasun Ratnayake, a Ph.D. student researcher working in Karunarathne's cellular photo chemistry group. "Photoreceptor cells do not regenerate in the eye. When they're dead, they're dead for good."

However, the researchers found a molecule called alpha-tocopherol, which comes from Vitamin E, can help prevent cell death, according to Futurism.

The researchers plan to review how light from TVs, cellphones and tablet screens affect the eyes as well.

"If you look at the amount of light coming out of your cellphone, it's not great but it seems tolerable," said Dr. John Payton, visiting assistant professor in the UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "Some cellphone companies are adding blue-light filters to the screens, and I think that is a good idea."

Indeed, Apple released a Night Shift mode two years ago to help quell blue lights strain on the eyes, according to The Verge. The screen will dim into a warmer, orange light that will cause less stress on the eyes.